Railroads Confronting Crude Safety

An agreement was reached last Friday between the U.S. Transportation Department and the Association of American Railroads to adopt wide-ranging, voluntary safety measures for railroads that haul crude oil shipments. These safety measures have come about after a string of explosive and deadly accidents.

It calls for railroads to slow oil trains from 50 to 40 miles per hour through major cities, inspect tracks more frequently and bolster emergency response planning along routes that carry trains hauling up to 3 million gallons of crude each.

The safety steps would begin going into effect in late March and be fully in place by July 1.

After a boom in domestic drilling in recent years, oil trains travel thousands of miles from oil producing areas, including the Northern Plains, to coastal refineries and shipping terminals along the Mississippi River and other major waterways.

The agreement does not resolve concerns over another fuel, ethanol, that also has seen a spate of accidents as production has increased. It leaves out tens of thousands of flawed tank cars that carry crude and ethanol and are known to split open during derailments. Railroads and federal officials said they would address that issue separately.

By taking voluntary steps, railroads will act more quickly than if they waited for new safety rules to be drafted and approved by the government, said Robert Chipkevich, former director of rail and hazardous materials accident investigations at the National Transportation Safety Board. But he said regulators will have little leverage to enforce.

"It's a positive step," Chipkevich said. "But certainly there's nothing to say they would have to continue following those practices. The only way you can enforce something like that would be for regulators to publish regulations and do periodic oversight."

Federal officials said they would continue to pursue longer-term measures to improve safety. They also said they would use regular inspections to check for compliance with the agreement.

With no formal rules, inspectors would be unable to issue fines or take other punitive measures for failing to live up to the agreement.

"We expect for this to be a document that is fully adhered to, and are prepared to inspect accordingly and call out the industry as necessary," Federal Railroad Administrator Joseph Szabo said.

The Association of American Railroads represents all of the major railroads in the U.S., Canada and Mexico, and president Edward Hamberger said he expects all of them to sign the agreement.

At least 10 times since 2008, freight trains hauling oil across North America have derailed and spilled significant quantities of crude, with most of the accidents touching off fires or catastrophic explosions.

The deadliest wreck killed 47 people in the town of Lac-Megantic, Quebec. Others have occurred in rural areas of North Dakota, Alabama, Oklahoma and New Brunswick. The derailments released almost 3 million gallons of oil, nearly twice as much as the largest pipeline spill in the U.S. since at least 1986.

"Safety is our top priority, and we have a shared responsibility to make sure crude oil is transported safely from origin to destination," U.S. Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx said in a statement.

Under the agreement, railroads also would have to weigh the risks along particular routes and consider alternatives, although experts say it's inevitable the trains would continue going through population centers to reach certain destinations.

The railroads agreed to provide $5 million to develop a training curriculum for emergency responders tailored to crude accidents.

Transportation officials also have been working with the oil industry to make sure crude loaded onto trains is properly classified, so that responders know what they're dealing with when an accident or spill occurs.

Companies are required to determine the volatility of oil being shipped, but there are no mandated testing protocols, according to transportation officials.

The North Dakota oil involved in July's Lac-Megantic accident had been misclassified as posing a minor danger.

Earlier this month, government investigators announced that 11 of 18 samples of oil being taken to rail loading stations in the Bakken region of North Dakota and Montana were misclassified. Hess Corp., Whiting Oil and Gas Corp., and Marathon Oil Co. face proposed fines of $93,000 for the alleged violations.

Since 2008, the number of tanker cars hauling oil has increased 40-fold, and federal records show that's been accompanied by a dramatic spike in accidental crude releases from tank cars.

While severity of recent accidents and their potential for even more serious consequences has raised safety concerns, transportation officials point out that over the past decade, derailments have decreased by 47 percent.

Hamberger of the railroad association said the commitments unveiled Friday underscore the high priority the industry has put on safely transporting crude. He suggested that compliance would not be a problem.

"Number one it's better for safety, and number two their reputation is on the line," he said.

The majority of this article was written by Matthew Brown and Joan Lowy of the Associated Press.